Signs You Need New Spark Plugs: (12 Signs, Causes & Replacing)


Signs You Need New Spark Plugs

You may ask yourself, perhaps even searching for “Signs You Need New Spark Plugs”, haven’t you? Well, search no more. We’ve got the comprehensive guide you’ve been looking for.

So, what are the signs you need new spark plugs? If your vehicle is experiencing rough idling, difficulty starting, decreased acceleration, or if the check engine light is on, these could be clear indicators. Additionally, unusual engine noises, frequent trips to the gas station, and hard cold starts might also point toward the need for new spark plugs.

By delving into this article, you’ll not only understand the telltale signs of spark plug wear but also the underlying causes and the steps to replace them. Equip yourself with the knowledge to keep your vehicle running smoothly.

What are Spark Plugs?

Spark plugs are crucial components in a vehicle’s engine that initiate the combustion process. They achieve this by producing a spark that ignites the air-fuel mixture within the combustion chamber.

In this section, we will delve into:

  • The fundamental definition and function of spark plugs.
  • An in-depth look at the electrode and spark gap.
  • The pivotal role spark plugs play in the engine’s combustion chamber.

Definition and Role of Spark Plugs

Spark plugs are small, yet vital, devices that are designed to produce an electrical spark. This spark is essential for igniting the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. Without spark plugs, your vehicle’s engine would not start or run.

  • Key Point: Spark plugs are responsible for producing the spark needed to ignite the air-fuel mixture, enabling the engine to start and run.

Electrode and Spark Gap Explained

At the core of a spark plug is the electrode. It’s from this electrode that the spark emanates. Surrounding the electrode is an insulator, and there’s a small gap between the end of the electrode and the engine block, known as the spark gap.

When voltage is applied to the electrode, a spark jumps across this gap, leading to the ignition of the air-fuel mixture.

  • Key Point: The spark gap is the space where the spark jumps from the electrode, igniting the air-fuel mixture in the process.

Spark Plugs in the Combustion Chamber

The combustion chamber is where the magic happens. It’s here that the air-fuel mixture is compressed and then ignited by the spark from the spark plug.

This ignition process produces a mini explosion, pushing the piston down, which in turn rotates the crankshaft and drives the vehicle forward. Spark plugs are pivotal in this process, ensuring that the combustion is efficient and timely.

  • Key Point: Spark plugs play a central role in the combustion chamber, ensuring efficient and timely ignition of the air-fuel mixture.

Signs You Need New Spark Plugs

Spark plugs are integral to your vehicle’s performance. When they begin to fail, they manifest distinct signs that can impact various aspects of your vehicle’s operation.

In this section, we will discuss:

  • Rough Idle: Explanation and relation to engine performance.
  • Difficulty Starting: Role of the ignition system.
  • Misfiring Engine: How misfires lead to stutter and engine knock.
  • Decreased Fuel Efficiency: Connection to combustion efficiency.
  • Lack of Acceleration: Importance of throttle response and power.
  • Engine Surging or Hesitating: The role of consistent combustion.
  • Check Engine Light On: Diagnostic tools and their indications.
  • Noticeable Engine Noises: Differentiating between rattling, knocking, and other engine sounds.
  • Increased Exhaust Emissions: Environmental implications.
  • Rough Engine Performance: Correlation with cylinder performance.
  • Hard Cold Starts: Importance of spark plugs during cold ignition.
  • Decreased Overall Power: Role in torque generation.

Rough Idle

When your vehicle is stationary, and the engine runs unevenly or “rumbles,” it’s termed as a rough idle. This can be directly attributed to worn-out spark plugs that fail to ignite the air-fuel mixture efficiently. Inconsistent sparking can lead to uneven combustion, causing the engine to shake or vibrate. This not only affects the comfort of your ride but can also strain other engine components.

  • Key Point: A rough idle, characterized by engine vibrations, often indicates spark plug issues affecting combustion.

Difficulty Starting

Spark plugs play a pivotal role in the ignition system. If your car takes longer to start or requires multiple attempts, it’s a clear sign of spark plug deterioration. The spark may be weak or inconsistent, preventing the air-fuel mixture from igniting promptly. Over time, this can also strain the battery and starter motor, leading to more extensive issues.

  • Key Point: Difficulty in starting the vehicle is often linked to weak or inconsistent sparking from worn-out spark plugs.

Misfiring Engine

An engine misfire feels like a sudden jerk or stutter while driving. This happens when the spark plugs fail to ignite the air-fuel mixture in one or more cylinders. Misfires can lead to engine knock or stutter, reducing the engine’s overall efficiency. Continuous misfires can also increase emissions and reduce fuel efficiency.

  • Key Point: Engine misfires, leading to stutters or knocks, are clear indicators of spark plug issues.

Decreased Fuel Efficiency

Spark plugs ensure that the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber ignites efficiently. When they wear out, the combustion process can become inefficient, leading to increased fuel consumption. A noticeable drop in miles per gallon (MPG) can be a direct result of this inefficiency. Over time, this can lead to increased fuel costs and more frequent trips to the gas station.

  • Key Point: Worn-out spark plugs can lead to decreased fuel efficiency due to inefficient combustion.

Lack of Acceleration

If your vehicle struggles to pick up speed or feels sluggish when accelerating, it could be due to faulty spark plugs. Spark plugs play a crucial role in generating the necessary power for acceleration. When they malfunction, the engine might not receive the required power, leading to a noticeable lag in throttle response.

  • Key Point: A noticeable lack of acceleration can be attributed to spark plug issues affecting engine power.

Engine Surging or Hesitating

Engine surging refers to when the vehicle’s engine inconsistently gains or loses power. This can be unsettling and is often due to spark plugs that are not igniting the fuel consistently. Inconsistent combustion can lead to fluctuations in engine power, causing the vehicle to surge forward or hesitate.

  • Key Point: Engine surges or hesitations are often linked to inconsistent combustion caused by faulty spark plugs.

Check the Engine Light On

The check engine light is a vital diagnostic tool in modern vehicles. If it illuminates, it could indicate a range of issues, including problems with the spark plugs. Modern vehicles have sensors that can detect irregularities in the ignition process, triggering the check engine light. It’s essential to get a diagnostic check when this light comes on to pinpoint the exact issue.

  • Key Point: The illumination of the check engine light can be a direct indication of spark plug issues among other potential problems.

Noticeable Engine Noises

Unusual engine noises, such as rattling, knocking, or pinging sounds, can be indicative of spark plug issues. These sounds often arise from pre-ignition, where the air-fuel mixture ignites too early. This premature combustion can strain the engine components and lead to long-term damage if not addressed.

  • Key Point: Distinct engine noises can be a sign of spark plug issues causing premature combustion.

Increased Exhaust Emissions

Faulty spark plugs can lead to incomplete combustion. This means that not all the fuel is burned, leading to increased hydrocarbon emissions. These emissions are not only harmful to the environment but can also lead to foul-smelling exhaust. Over time, this can also damage the vehicle’s catalytic converter.

  • Key Point: Increased and foul-smelling exhaust emissions can be a direct result of spark plug issues.

Rough Engine Performance

The overall performance of the engine can feel uneven or shaky due to worn-out spark plugs. This rough performance is often due to inconsistent combustion in the cylinders, leading to vibrations and reduced engine efficiency. Addressing the spark plug issue can restore the engine’s smooth operation.

  • Key Point: Rough engine performance is often linked to inconsistent combustion caused by worn-out spark plugs.

Hard Cold Starts

Starting a vehicle in cold weather or after it’s been parked overnight can be challenging with faulty spark plugs. The spark plugs play a crucial role during cold ignition, ensuring that the engine starts smoothly. Worn-out spark plugs can make cold starts hard, leading to strain on the battery and starter motor.

  • Key Point: Hard cold starts can be attributed to spark plug issues affecting the ignition process in colder conditions.

Decreased Overall Power

The vehicle’s overall power, especially during uphill drives or when carrying heavy loads, can be affected by spark plug issues. Spark plugs play a central role in generating torque and power for the vehicle. When they malfunction, the vehicle might feel less powerful, affecting its overall performance.

  • Key Point: A noticeable decrease in overall power can be linked to spark plug issues affecting torque generation.

8 Causes of Spark Plug Wear and Tear

Spark plugs, though durable, are not immune to wear and tear. Various factors, both internal and external, can contribute to their degradation over time.

In this section, we will explore:

  • The effects of oil contamination on spark plugs.
  • The implications of carbon buildup.
  • The consequences of physical damage to spark plugs.
  • How age and natural wear impact spark plug performance.
  • The influence of fuel additives on spark plug health.
  • The detrimental effects of overheating on spark plugs.
  • The impact of specific engine conditions, such as pre-ignition and detonation.
  • The repercussions of using poor quality or contaminated fuel on spark plug efficiency.

Oil Contamination

Oil contamination is a common issue that can lead to spark plug degradation. When there’s a leak in the engine, oil can seep into the combustion chamber, coating the spark plugs.

This oil buildup can hinder the spark plug’s ability to produce a consistent spark, leading to misfires and reduced engine performance. Over time, this contamination can cause the spark plug to fail altogether, necessitating a replacement.

  • Key Point: Oil leaks in the engine can lead to spark plug contamination, affecting its performance and lifespan.

Carbon Buildup

Carbon buildup on spark plugs is often a result of a rich air-fuel mixture. When there’s more fuel than necessary in the combustion chamber, it can lead to incomplete combustion.

This unburned fuel forms carbon deposits on the spark plug, reducing its efficiency. Continuous carbon buildup can insulate the spark plug, preventing it from sparking altogether.

  • Key Point: A rich air-fuel mixture can lead to carbon buildup on spark plugs, hindering their efficiency.

Physical Damage

Physical damage to spark plugs can occur due to various reasons, such as improper installation or the use of the wrong spark plug type.

Using incorrect tools or over-tightening during installation can crack the ceramic insulator of the spark plug. Such damage can lead to misfires, reduced fuel efficiency, and even engine damage in severe cases.

  • Key Point: Improper installation or using the wrong spark plug type can lead to physical damage, affecting its performance.

Age and Wear

Like all components, spark plugs have a finite lifespan. Over time, the electrode of the spark plug can wear down, increasing the spark gap.

An increased spark gap requires more voltage to produce a spark, which can strain the ignition system. Eventually, the worn-out spark plug might fail to produce a spark, leading to engine misfires.

  • Key Point: Natural wear and tear over time can lead to an increased spark gap, affecting spark plug efficiency.

Fuel Additives

Certain fuel additives, while beneficial for some engine components, can be detrimental to spark plugs. These additives can leave residues on the spark plug, affecting its ability to produce a consistent spark. Over time, these residues can accumulate, leading to reduced spark plug efficiency and potential misfires.

  • Key Point: Residues from fuel additives can accumulate on spark plugs, hindering their performance.

Overheating

Overheating can be detrimental to spark plugs. Factors like aggressive driving, towing heavy loads, or a malfunctioning cooling system can lead to elevated engine temperatures. Excessive heat can cause the spark plug’s electrode to wear out prematurely, reducing its lifespan and efficiency.

  • Key Point: Overheating can cause premature wear of the spark plug’s electrode, affecting its longevity.

Engine Conditions

Certain engine conditions, such as pre-ignition or detonation, can be harmful to spark plugs. Pre-ignition occurs when the air-fuel mixture ignites before the spark plug fires, while detonation is a result of multiple flame fronts within the combustion chamber. Both conditions can cause physical damage to the spark plug, reducing its efficiency and lifespan.

  • Key Point: Engine conditions like pre-ignition and detonation can physically damage spark plugs, hindering their performance.

Poor Quality Fuel

Using poor quality or contaminated fuel can lead to spark plug issues. Impurities in the fuel can lead to incomplete combustion, resulting in carbon buildup on the spark plug. Over time, this buildup can hinder the spark plug’s performance, leading to reduced fuel efficiency and potential engine issues.

  • Key Point: Poor quality or contaminated fuel can lead to carbon buildup on spark plugs, affecting their efficiency.

Benefits of Timely Spark Plug Replacement

Timely replacement of spark plugs is paramount for optimal vehicle performance. Regular maintenance ensures fuel efficiency, smoother acceleration, reduced emissions, and an extended engine lifespan.

In this section, we will delve into:

  • How timely spark plug replacement enhances fuel efficiency.
  • The role of new spark plugs in ensuring smoother engine performance and acceleration.
  • The environmental benefits of reduced harmful emissions.
  • The long-term advantages of regular maintenance and its impact on extending the engine’s lifespan.

Enhanced Fuel Efficiency

Fuel efficiency is a primary concern for most vehicle owners. Spark plugs play a pivotal role in ensuring that the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber ignites optimally. Worn-out or faulty spark plugs can lead to incomplete combustion, causing the engine to consume more fuel than necessary.

By replacing spark plugs at regular intervals, one ensures that the engine operates at its peak efficiency, leading to significant fuel savings in the long run.

  • Key Point: Regular spark plug replacement ensures optimal combustion, leading to enhanced fuel efficiency.

Smoother Engine Performance and Acceleration

A vehicle’s acceleration and overall engine performance are directly influenced by the condition of its spark plugs. Fresh spark plugs ensure consistent ignition and optimal combustion.

This results in smoother acceleration, especially when overtaking or driving uphill. Drivers will notice a more responsive throttle and a significant reduction in engine misfires or hesitations.

  • Key Point: New spark plugs contribute to smoother and more responsive engine performance.

Reduced Harmful Emissions

Environmental concerns are at the forefront of modern automotive discussions. Worn-out spark plugs can lead to incomplete combustion, producing more unburned fuel. This unburned fuel is released as harmful emissions, contributing to environmental pollution.

By ensuring timely spark plug replacement, one can significantly reduce the vehicle’s carbon footprint, making it more eco-friendly.

  • Key Point: Timely spark plug replacement reduces harmful emissions, contributing to a cleaner environment.

Extended Engine Lifespan and Positive Aspects of Regular Maintenance

The engine is the heart of any vehicle, and its longevity is crucial for a vehicle’s overall lifespan. Regular maintenance, including timely spark plug replacement, ensures that the engine operates under optimal conditions.

This reduces wear and tear on other engine components, leading to fewer breakdowns and extended engine life. Moreover, regular maintenance can preemptively identify potential issues, saving costly repairs in the future.

  • Key Point: Regular maintenance, including spark plug replacement, extends the engine’s lifespan and reduces potential repair costs.

When and How to Replace Spark Plugs

Replacing spark plugs is a crucial aspect of vehicle maintenance. Understanding when and how to replace them ensures optimal engine performance and longevity.

In this section, we will delve into:

  • The importance of referring to the owner’s manual for spark plug replacement guidance.
  • A step-by-step guide on spark plug replacement, including preparation, removal, and installation.
  • The significance of choosing the right spark plug, focusing on electrode materials and spark gap considerations.

Referring to the Owner’s Manual for Guidance

The owner’s manual of a vehicle is a treasure trove of information. It provides specific guidelines on when and how to replace spark plugs tailored to your vehicle’s make and model. Manufacturers often recommend a particular interval, usually based on mileage, for spark plug replacement.

Adhering to this schedule ensures that the engine remains in optimal condition, preventing potential damage or reduced performance.

  • Key Point: The owner’s manual provides specific guidelines on spark plug replacement tailored to your vehicle.

Steps to Replace Spark Plugs

Preparation

Before diving into the replacement process, it’s essential to gather all the necessary tools and ensure the engine is cool. Disconnect the battery and locate the spark plugs, usually found on the engine’s top or side.

Wearing gloves can protect your hands, and having a spark plug socket, ratchet, and extension will aid in the removal and installation process.

  • Key Point: Proper preparation, including gathering tools and ensuring a cool engine, is crucial for a smooth spark plug replacement.

Removal

Once prepared, start by removing the spark plug wire or coil-on-plug assembly. Gently twist the wire or coil to free it from the spark plug.

Using the spark plug socket and ratchet, turn the spark plug counterclockwise to loosen and remove it. It’s essential to be gentle during this process to avoid damaging the spark plug-hole threads.

  • Key Point: Gentle and careful removal of the old spark plug ensures no damage to the engine.

Installation

With the old spark plug removed, it’s time to install the new one. Before installation, check the spark plug gap using a gap tool and adjust it if necessary.

Thread the new spark plug by hand to avoid cross-threading, then tighten it with the spark plug socket and ratchet. Once secured, reattach the spark plug wire or coil-on-plug assembly.

  • Key Point: Proper installation of the new spark plug, including gap checking, ensures optimal engine performance.

Importance of Choosing the Right Spark Plug

Spark plugs come in various types, each with different electrode materials and spark gap considerations. The right spark plug ensures efficient combustion and prolongs the engine’s lifespan. Electrode materials, such as platinum or iridium, offer different performance levels and lifespans.

The spark gap, the distance between the center and ground electrode, should match the vehicle’s specifications for optimal ignition.

  • Key Point: Choosing the right spark plug, considering electrode materials and spark gap, is vital for engine efficiency and longevity.

How to Choose the Right Spark Plugs

Selecting the appropriate spark plugs for your vehicle is crucial for optimal engine performance. This guide will help you navigate the myriad of choices, ensuring you make an informed decision tailored to your needs.

In this section, we will explore:

  • The considerations for choosing spark plugs for custom engines.
  • Determining the type of spark plugs your vehicle requires.
  • Key factors to keep in mind when making your choice.
  • The costs associated with different spark plug types.
  • Popular spark plug brands available in the U.S.

Choosing The Right Spark Plugs For Your Custom Engine

Custom engines, tailored to specific performance or aesthetic goals, require particular attention when selecting spark plugs. The engine’s modifications, such as increased compression ratios or forced induction, can influence the spark plug’s heat range and type.

It’s essential to match the spark plug to the engine’s unique requirements, ensuring efficient combustion and preventing potential engine damage.

  • Key Point: Custom engines have specific requirements that influence the choice of spark plug.

What Kind of Spark Plugs Do I Need?

The type of spark plug your vehicle needs depends on its make, model, and engine specifications. Vehicles often come with manufacturer-recommended spark plugs, ensuring optimal performance.

However, if you’re looking for an upgrade or have modified your engine, you might consider performance spark plugs. Always refer to your owner’s manual or consult with a mechanic for guidance.

  • Key Point: The vehicle’s specifications and any modifications play a pivotal role in determining the required spark plug type.

Facts to Consider When Choosing the Spark Plugs

Several factors come into play when selecting the right spark plugs. The material of the electrode, such as copper, platinum, or iridium, affects performance and longevity.

The spark plug’s heat range, which determines its ability to dissipate heat, should match the engine’s operating temperature. Additionally, consider the spark plug gap, ensuring it aligns with the manufacturer’s specifications.

  • Key Point: Electrode material, heat range, and spark plug gap are vital considerations when choosing spark plugs.

Costs

The cost of spark plugs can vary significantly based on their type and material. Standard copper spark plugs typically cost between $2 to $5 each, while platinum plugs range from $6 to $15. Iridium plugs, known for their superior longevity and performance, can cost anywhere from $8 to $20 each.

It’s essential to balance cost with the expected lifespan and performance gains, ensuring you get value for your money.

It’s essential to balance cost with the expected lifespan and performance gains, ensuring you get value for your money.

  • Key Point: While copper spark plugs are budget-friendly, ranging from $2 to $5, platinum and iridium variants, priced between $6 to $20, offer extended lifespans and enhanced performance.

Brands in the U.S.

Several reputable spark plug brands are available in the U.S., each offering a range of products tailored to different needs. Brands like NGK, Bosch, Denso, and Autolite have established themselves as industry leaders, known for their quality and reliability.

When choosing a brand, consider factors like warranty, customer reviews, and compatibility with your vehicle.

  • Key Point: Brands like NGK and Bosch are renowned in the U.S. for their high-quality spark plugs.

Tips for Spark Plug Maintenance

Maintaining spark plugs is pivotal for ensuring the longevity and optimal performance of your vehicle’s engine. This guide delves into the nuances of spark plug care, from cleaning to recognizing early signs of wear and the significance of professional inspections.

In this section, we will explore:

  • The process and benefits of cleaning spark plugs and making gap adjustments.
  • How to identify the early signs of spark plug wear.
  • The value of professional check-ups and the importance of consulting your vehicle’s documentation.

Cleaning and Gap Adjustment

Spark plugs, over time, can accumulate deposits from various sources, including fuel additives. Regular cleaning not only removes these deposits but also rejuvenates the spark plug’s efficiency. Utilizing a wire brush and a specialized cleaning solution can simplify this task.

The gap between the center and ground electrode is another vital aspect. An inappropriate gap can lead to engine issues like misfires and reduced fuel efficiency. Always turn to your vehicle’s manual for the recommended gap size and use a gap tool for adjustments.

  • Key Point: Regular cleaning and accurate gap adjustments are foundational for maintaining spark plug efficiency.

Recognizing Early Signs of Wear

Spark plugs don’t suddenly fail; they exhibit signs of wear over time. Being vigilant and recognizing these early signs can avert potential engine complications. Symptoms to watch out for include changes in engine performance like rough idling, starting troubles, or a drop in acceleration.

An increase in fuel consumption can also be a telltale sign. Periodic inspections of the spark plug’s electrode for wear or discoloration can offer insights into its health.

  • Key Point: Early detection of wear signs on spark plugs can stave off major engine issues and maintain efficient performance.

Importance of Professional Check-Ups and Consulting the Vehicle Documentation

While there’s merit in DIY maintenance, a professional’s perspective can offer a depth of analysis that might be missed otherwise. Mechanics possess the tools and expertise to identify issues that might escape the untrained eye.

Regular professional inspections can ascertain that both your spark plugs and engine are in prime condition. Furthermore, your vehicle’s owner’s manual or documentation is a treasure trove of information. It provides specific guidelines on spark plug care, recommended brands, and when replacements are due.

  • Key Point: Leveraging professional inspections and adhering to your vehicle’s manual ensures the health and longevity of your spark plugs.

FAQ Section

What Happens When Spark Plugs Go Bad?

When spark plugs deteriorate, they can cause a myriad of engine-related issues. A bad spark plug can lead to misfires, reduced fuel efficiency, and a sluggish engine response.

Additionally, it can cause the engine to stall, emit more pollutants, and even reduce the vehicle’s overall lifespan. In some cases, a faulty spark plug can trigger the check engine light on your dashboard.

  • Key Point: Bad spark plugs can lead to engine misfires, reduced fuel efficiency, and increased emissions.

What is the Lifespan of a Spark Plug?

The lifespan of a spark plug largely depends on its type and the conditions it operates under. Standard copper spark plugs usually last 20,000 to 30,000 miles, while platinum and iridium spark plugs can last up to 60,000 and 100,000 miles respectively.

However, it’s essential to consult your vehicle’s owner’s manual or a mechanic for specific recommendations tailored to your car.

  • Key Point: While copper spark plugs last up to 30,000 miles, platinum and iridium variants can last up to 100,000 miles.

Can You Drive if You Need Spark Plugs Replaced?

While it’s technically possible to drive with worn-out spark plugs, it’s not advisable. Driving with bad spark plugs can strain the engine, reduce fuel efficiency, and lead to potential engine damage over time.

It can also compromise safety, as the vehicle might stall or underperform in critical situations, such as overtaking or driving uphill.

  • Key Point: Driving with worn-out spark plugs can strain the engine and compromise vehicle safety.

How Often Should Spark Plugs be Replaced?

The frequency of spark plug replacement varies based on the type of spark plug and the vehicle’s make and model. As a general rule, copper spark plugs should be replaced every 20,000 to 30,000 miles, while platinum and iridium plugs can go 60,000 to 100,000 miles before needing replacement. Always refer to your vehicle’s owner’s manual for specific intervals.

  • Key Point: Copper spark plugs should be replaced every 20,000 to 30,000 miles, while platinum and iridium variants can last up to 100,000 miles.

What Do Bad Spark Plugs Sound Like?

Faulty spark plugs can produce distinct sounds that signal their deteriorating condition. You might hear a rattling, knocking, or pinging noise, especially during acceleration.

These sounds are often due to misfires caused by the spark plug’s inability to ignite the air-fuel mixture efficiently. If you notice such noises, it’s a clear sign that your spark plugs need inspection or replacement.

  • Key Point: Bad spark plugs often produce rattling or knocking sounds, especially during acceleration.

5 Signs It’s Time To Replace Your Spark Plugs >> Check out the video below:

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Conclusion

In conclusion, spark plugs are the unsung heroes of our vehicles, ensuring smooth engine performance and fuel efficiency. Recognizing the signs of wear and understanding their importance can prevent potential vehicular issues and extend the life of your car.

Regular maintenance, timely replacement, and choosing the right spark plugs are crucial for optimal vehicle health. As drivers, being proactive and informed about these small yet vital components can lead to safer drives, reduced emissions, and significant savings in the long run.

Reference Source

www.reddit.com/r/AskMechanics/comments/100lcj0/how_do_i_know_when_to_change_my_spark_plugs/

John M.

John is an automotive technician, technical writer. He has held a lifelong passion for vehicles.

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